Whither Has Peace Gone is one of 24 Peace Paintings created by the artist in 2003. The works include square canvases and one- and four-panel diamond shaped paintings. A response to 9/11, they are a continuation of the political themes found in Indiana’s work since his days on Coenties Slip. These include sculptures such as French Atomic Bomb (1959–60) and Cuba (1960–62), and the painting Yield Brother (1963), made in response to Bertrand Russell’s worldwide plea for support of his antinuclear peace program. As in Yield Brother, Indiana’s Peace Paintings incorporate the modern peace sign, designed by Gerald Holtom in 1958 for the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. In all of the works a circle surrounding the sign contains text, in some it laments the lack of peace, in others it calls for action.